Measuring Intra-Canal Fluid Temperature Elevation and Ultrastructural Changes of Root Canal Surface During Irradiating With 940 Nm Diode Laser in Endodontic Treatment

Sheima’a A. Al-Zand, Ali S. Mahmood, Tamara Al-Karadaghy, Mohammed Al-Maliky

Abstract


Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the temperature elevation and evaluate the duration of its decreasing from root canal irrigant, as well as to observe smear layer removal ability of root canal surface when using of 940 nm diode laser as assistant in root canal sterilization.
Background: laser irradiation may cause a thermal injury to the root structure and the surrounding periodontal tissues. Diode laser is weakly absorbed by water and tooth hard structure so it does not remove smear layer. Combination of chemical irrigants with diode laser irradiation in endodontics has superior results in removing the smear layer.

Materials and methods: For this study, a total of 32 sound single rooted extracted human teeth were used. Twenty of them were randomly divided into two groups (n=10): Group A irradiated with 1.5 W CW of 940 nm diode laser for total irradiation time of 20 s, Group B irradiated with 2.5 W in Pulsed mode with frequency of 20 Hz for the same duration. K-type thermocouple was used to record temperature of fluid inside the canal during the rest period of lasing cycle at cervical portion of the root. Twelve teeth were divided into 6 groups (a, b, c, d, e, and f), two per group, where used for scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization of root canal surface. These teeth were treated with different chemical irrigants and different laser powers. Then, longitudinally sectioned and prepared for imaging.

Results: temperature elevation in both groups was acceptable with no significant difference between them (P > 0.01), the SEM showed increased smear layer removal ability during combination of chemical irrigants with diode laser.
Conclusion: both laser powers were safe to be used as assistant in root canal sterilization as the temperature of fluid decrease quickly within 2 s, and the SEM images showed that the best results were achieved during combination of chemical irrigants with laser. 


Keywords


940 nm; diode laser; endodontics; smear layer

Full Text:

PDF

References


Olivi G, Crippa R, Iaria G, Kaitsas V, DiVito E, Benedicenti S. Lasers in endodontics ) Part I(. Roots. 2011;1:6-9. 2. Schoop U, Kluger W, Dervisbegovic S, Goharkhay K,

Wernisch J, Georgopoulos A, et al. Innovative wavelengths in endodontic treatment. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 2006;38)6(:624-30.

MoritzA. Oral LaserApplication. Berlin: QuintessenceVerlags- GmbH;2006.

Schoop U, Kluger W, Moritz A, Nedjelik N, Georgopoulos

A, Sperr W. Bactericidal effect of different laser systems in the deep layers of dentin. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 2004;35)2(:111-6.

da Costa Ribeiro A, Nogueira GE, Antoniazzi JH, Moritz A, Zezell DM. Effects of Diode Laser )810 nm( Irradiation on Root Canal Walls: Thermographic and Morphological Studies. Journal of endodontics. 2007;33)3(:252-5.

Hmud R, Kahler WA, George R, Walsh LJ. Cavitational effects in aqueous endodontic irrigants generated by near- infrared lasers. Journal of Endodontics. 2010;36)2(:275-8.

Hmud R, William A. Kahler, J. Walsh. Temperature Changes Accompanying Near Infrared Diode Laser Endodontic Treatment of Wet Canals. JOE. 2010;36)5(:908-11.

Giovanni Olivi. Laser Use in Endodontics: Evolution from Direct Laser Irradiation to Laser-Activated Irrigation. J laser dentistry. 2013;21)2(:58-71.

Uzunov Ts, Popova E, Grozdanova R, Uzunov T. THERMAL CHANGES IN THE HARD DENTALTISSUE AT DIODE LASER ROOT CANAL TREATMENT. Acta Medica Bulgarica. 2014;XLI)2(:31-5.

Eriksson A. R, Albrektsson T. Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury: a vital-microscopic study in the rabbit. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1983;50)1(:101-7.

Alfredo E, MA Marchesan, MD Sousa-Neto, A Brugnera- Junior, YTC Silva-Sousa. Temperature variation at the external root surface during 980-nm diode laser irradiation in the root canal. Journal of dentistry. 2008;36)7(:529-34.

Gutknecht N, Kaiser F, Hassan A, Lampert F. Long-term clinical evaluation of endodontically treated teeth by Nd:YAG lasers. Journal of clinical laser medicine & surgery. 1996;14)1(:7-11.

Machida T, Wilder–Smith P, Arrastia AM, Liaw LH, Berns MW. Root canal preparation using the second harmonic KTP:YAG laser: a thermographic and scanning electron microscopic study. Journal of Endodontics. 1995;21)8(:88- 91.

Moritz A, Gutknecht N, Goharkhay K, Schoop U, Wernisch J, Sperr W. In vitro irradiation of infected root canals with a diode laser: results of microbiologic, infrared spectrometric, and stain penetration examinations. Quintessence International 1997;28)3(:205-9.

George R, Walsh LJ. Thermal effects from modified endodontic laser tips used in the apical third of root canals with erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet and erbium, chromium-doped yttrium scandium gallium garnet lasers. Photomedicine and laser surgery. 2010;28)2(:161-5.

Takeda FH, Harashima T, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. A comparative study of the removal of smear layer by three endodontic irrigants and two types of laser. International Endodontic Journal. 1999;32)1(:32-9.

Teixeira CS, Felippe MCS, Felippe WT. The effect of application time of EDTA and NaOCl on intracanal smear layer removal: an SEM analysis. International endodontic journal. 2005;38)5(:285-90.

Karnik R, Pradhan S. Temperature Rise on External Root Surface during Laser Endodontic Therapy using 940 nm Diode Laser: An in vitro Study. international journal of laser dentistry. 2011;1)1(:29-35.

Preethee T, Kandaswamy D, Arathi G, Hannah R. Bactericidal effect of the 908 nm diode laser on Enterococcus faecalis in infected root canals Journal of Conservative Dentistry. 2012 15)1(:46-50.

Castelo-Baz P, Bahillo J, Seoane-Prado R, Gude F, DeMoor R. Combined Sodium Hypochlorite and 940 nm Diode Laser Treatment Against Mature E. Faecalis Biofilms in- vitro. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2012;3)3(:116.

Alfredo E, Souza-Gabriel AE, Silva SR, Sousa-Neto MD, Brugnera-Junior A, Silva-Sousa YT. Morphological alterations of radicular dentine pretreated with different irrigating solutions and irradiated with 980-nm diode laser. Microscopy Research and Technique. 2009;72)1(:22-7.

Saraswathi MV, Ballal NV, Padinjaral I, Bhat S. Ultra morphological changes of root canal dentin induced by 940 nm diode laser: An in-vitro study. Saudi Endodontic Journal. 2012;2)3(:131-5.

Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, Favieri A, Lima KC. Chemomechanical Reduction of the Bacterial Population in the Root Canal after Instrumentation and Irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite. Journal of Endodontics. 2000;26)6(:331-4.

Estrela C, Estrela CR, Barbin EL, Spanó JC, Marchesan MA, Pécora JD. Mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite. Brazilian dental journal. 2002;13)2(:113-7.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/idj.v39i1.119

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Copyright by Iraqi Dental Journal

ISSN (Print): 2307-4779 | ISSN (Online): 2411-9741