Amoxicillin vs Levofloxacin in Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: Review

Samara M. Ali, Sarmad M. H. Zeiny

Abstract


 

Background: Antibiotics Resistance can be the main problem faced by the specialists in the medical fields. The main reason of such resistance is the improper prescribing of antibiotics. In dentistry this problem must be in concern for 2 reasons, first, limited and outdated knowledge of many dentist in Iraq with recent modalities in the field of therapeutics, so they keep prescribing penicillins, for every odontogenic infection (rationale prescribing), second, the patient who keeps prescribing the same drug for himself every time (i.e. dealing with antibiotic as over-the-counter drug). 

Aim of the study: This review will clarifies the use of amoxicillin (most prescribed drug in Iraqi dental clinics) vs the use of third generation quinolones (levofloxacin) in an important field of dental practice which is periodontology, with focusing on levofloxacin as it took a privileged position in medical researches. 

Conclusion: levofloxacin was superior to amoxicillin since it is applied once daily, few nonhazardous side effects, nearly 100 % bioavailability in spite of different rout of administration, and can be applied topically as gels and intra- pocket films. Perhaps this can change a lot among practitioners’ and non- practitioners’ prescribing (habits).


Keywords


Amoxicillin;Levofloxacin;Chronic;Periodontitis

Full Text:

PDF

References


Bennet P, Brown M. Clinical pharmacology: 9th ed

CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE 2003: pp 201- 209.

Nelson JD. 1996- 1997 pocket book of paediatric antimicrobial

therapy 12th ed. Pub: Williams and Wilkins 1996; pp1.

Siqueira J. F. Jr., Roc I, Silva M. “Prevalence and clonal

analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis in primary

endodontic infections,” Journal of Endodontics, vol. 34, no.

, pp. 1332–1336, 2008.

Adverse drug interactions in dental practice: interactions

involving antibiotics part ii of a series jada, Vol. 130,

February 1999.

Dar-Odeh N, Ryalat S, Shayyab M, Abu-Hammad O. Analysis

of clinical records of dental patients attending Jordan

University Hospital: documentation of drug prescriptions

and local anesthetic injections. Ther Clin Risk Manag.

;4(5):1111–1117.

Lewis MA. Why we must reduce dental prescription of

antibiotics: European Union Antibiotic Awareness Day. Br

Dent J. 2008;205(10):537–538..

Flemming A. On the antibacterial action of cultures of a

penicillium, with special reference to their use in the

isolation of B. Influenzae. Br J Exp Pathol 1929;10:226-36.

Drugs Formulary for District Hospitals - Ethiopia (DACA;

; 322 pages.

Pharmacology in Dentistry. Copyright © 2007, New Age

International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age

International (P) Ltd., Publishers; chapter 9.3 pp 318-319.

Nelson, JM.; Chiller, TM.; Powers, JH.; Angulo, FJ. (Apr

. “Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species

and the withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in poultry:

a public health success story.”. Clin Infect Dis 44 (7): 977–

doi:10.1086/512369. PMID 17342653.

Lafredo SC, Foleno BD, Fu KP (1993). “Induction of

resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to quinolones in

vitro”. Chemotherapy 39 (1): 36– 9.doi:10.1159/000238971.

PMID 8383031.

Liu HH (May 2010). “Safety profile of the fluoroquinolones:

focus on levofloxacin”.Drug Saf 33 (5): 353–69.

doi:10.2165/11536360-000000000- 00000.PMID

Stahlmann R, Lode HM (July 2013). “Risks associated with

the therapeutic use of fluoroquinolones”. Expert Opin Drug

Saf 12 (4): 497– 505.doi:10.1517/14740338.2013.796362.

PMID 23651367.

Karageorgopoulos DE, Giannopoulou KP, Grammatikos

AP, Dimopoulos G, Falagas ME (March 2008).

“Fluoroquinolones compared with beta-lactam antibiotics

for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis: a metaanalysis

of randomized controlled trials”. CMAJ 178 (7):

– 54. doi:10.1503/cmaj.071157.PMC 2267830. PMID

Addy M, Martin MV. Systemic antimicrobials in the

treatment of chronic periodontal diseases: a dilemma. Oral

Dis. 2003; 9 (Suppl 1): 38–44.

López NJ1, Socransky SS, Da Silva I, Japlit MR, Haffajee

Effects of metronidazole plus amoxicillin as the only

therapy on the microbiological and clinical parameters of

untreated chronic periodontitis , ADJ Clin Periodontol.

Sep;33(9):648-60.

Anna K. Szkaradkiewicz, Tomasz M. Karpiński

Microbiology of chronic periodontitis journal of Biology

and earth sciences 201 3; 3(1 ): M1 4-M20

Hannah M. Wexler,1,2* Eric Molitoris,1 Denise Molitoris,2

and Sydney M. Finegold In Vitro Activity of Levofloxacin

against a Selected Group of Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated

from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections ANTIMICROBIAL

AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Apr. 1998, p. 984–

Vol. 42, No. 4

Stein G E, Goldstein EJ Review of the in vitro activity and

potential clinical efficacy of levofloxacin in the treatment

of anaerobic infections. Anaerobe. 2003 Apr;9(2):75-81.

Avani R. Pradeep et al “ Clinical and microbiological effects

of levofloxacin in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a

randomized, placebo- controlled clinical trial. Journal of

investigative and clinical dentistry 2014- 5-19.

Priyanka M. Borole, Yogesh S. Chaudhari, Sanket S.

Daaharashikvar, Suresh D. kumavat, Khushbu Shenghani

, Pankit R. Shah.: Preparation and evaluation of insitu gel

of levofloxacin hemihydrate for treatment of periodontal

disease. IJPRBS, 2013; volume 2(3): 185- 190.

Neha Bisht ,Lakshmi Goswami , Preeti Kothiyal preparation

and evaluation of in-situ oral topical gel of levofloxacin by

using combination of polymers. Indian Journal of Drugs,

, 2(4), 142-151 ISSN: 2348-1684.

Prabushankar GL, Gopalkrishna B, Manjunatha KM,

Girisha CH. Formulation and evaluation of levofloxacin

dental films for periodontitis. Int J Pharm & Pharm Sci

; 2(1):162-08.

Bertram G. , Susan B. Masters, Anthony J. Trevor: Basic &

Clinical Pharmacology 12th ed. 2010. by Lange Medical

Publications

Karen Whalen, Richard Finkel, Thomas A. Panavelil

: Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology Sixth

Edition; 6th ed. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer. Pp 513-

Thomas, D. W., Satterthwaite, J., Absi, E. G. et al. (1996).

Antibiotic prescription for acute dental conditions in the

primary care setting. British Dental Journal 181, 401–4.

Palmer, N. A. O., Pealing, R., Ireland, R. S. et al. (2000).

A study of prophylactic antibiotic prescribing in National

Health Service general dental practice in England. British

Dental Journal 189, 43–6.

Lobera T, Audícana MT, Alarcón E, Longo N, Navarro B,

Muñoz D. Allergy to Quinolones: Low Cross-reactivity to

Levofloxacin ; J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; Vol.

(7): 607-611

Louise C. Sweeney1, Jayshree Dave1,2, Philip A.

Chambers3 and John Heritage Antibiotic resistance in

general dental practice—a cause for concern? Journal of

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 53, 567–576 Advance Access

publication 25 February 2004.

Ross Davidson, M D James, Rodrigo Cavalcanti, L. Brinton,

M D Darrin, J Bash: Resistance to levofloxacin and failure

of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med.

; 346:747-750.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/idj.v38i1.65

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Copyright by Iraqi Dental Journal

ISSN (Print): 2307-4779 | ISSN (Online): 2411-9741